Title

Breast cancer histopathology, classification and clinical management: Current perspectives

Authors

Ravindra Waykar* & Srinivasakumar Kumarapillai

Affiliation

Department of Pharmacy, Lincoln University College, Wisma Lincoln, Jalan SS 6/12, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; *Corresponding author

Email

Ravindra Waykar - E - mail: ravindra@lincoln.edu.my
Srinivasakumar Kumarapillai - E - mail: srinivasakumar@lincoln.edu.my

Article Type

Review

Date

Received December 1, 2024; Revised December 31, 2024; Accepted December 31, 2024, Published December 31, 2024

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) manifests as a diverse group of malignancies and presents as a wide array of tumors with distinct morphological, biological, and clinical characteristics. Molecular classification of BC serves as the basis for current precision-oriented therapeutic strategies. Upcoming therapeutic strategies will emphasize personalized medicine and tailoring treatments according to each patient's specific needs. These approaches will involve modulating the therapy intensity based on the biological characteristics of tumors and early predictive indicators, allowing for more precise and adaptable care in oncology. Additionally, there remains an unfulfilled requirement for the creation of new medications to treat breast cancer in its early stages, as well as in advanced cases. This review article presents an extensive examination of breast cancer, delving into its prevalence, contributing factors, molecular and cellular features and therapeutic interventions.

Keywords

Breast cancer, classification, heterogeneity, molecular mechanisms, ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive ductal carcinoma

Citation

Waykar & Kumarapillai, Bioinformation 20(12): 2069-2079 (2024)

Edited by

P Kangueane

ISSN

0973-2063

Publisher

Biomedical Informatics

License

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.