Title

Evolutionary trace analysis of plant haemoglobins: implications for site-directed mutagenesis

Authors

Duvvuru muni Rajasekhara Reddy*

Affiliation

Division of biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland

Email

raja.duvvuru@unifr.ch; * Corresponding author

Article Type

Hypothesis

Date

received January 05, 2007; revised March 09, 2007; accepted March 20, 2006; published online March 27, 2007

Abstract

Haemoglobins are found ubiquitously in eukaryotes and many bacteria. In plants, haemoglobins were first identified in species, which can fix nitrogen via symbiosis with bacteria. Recent findings suggest that another class of haemoglobins termed as non-symbiotic haemoglobins are present through out the plant kingdom and are expressed differentially during plant development. Limited data available suggests that non-symbiotic haemoglobins are involved in hypoxic stress and oversupply of nutrients. Due to lack of information on structurally conserved, functionally important residues in non-symbiotic haemoglobins, further studies to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the biological role are hampered. To determine functionally important residues in non-symbiotic haemoglobins, I have analyzed a number of sequences from plant haemoglobin family, in the context of the known crystal structures of plant by evolutionary trace method. Results indicate that the, evolutionary trace method like conventional phylogentic analysis, could resolve phylogentic relationships between plant haemoglobin family. Evolutionary trace analysis has identified candidate functional (trace) residues that uniquely characterize the heme-binding pocket, dimer interface and possible novel functional surfaces. Such residues from specific three-dimensional clusters might be of functional importance in non-symbiotic haemoglobins.  These data, together with our improved knowledge of possible functional residues, can be used in future structure-function analysis experiments.

Keywords

evolution; haemoglobin; site directed mutagenesis; phylogeny

Citation

Reddy, Bioinformation 1(9): 370-375 (2007)

Edited by

M. K. Sakharkar

ISSN

0973-2063

Publisher

Biomedical Informatics

License

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.