Title

Clinical Immunology of Cholera – Current Trends and Directions for Future Advancement

Authors

Francesco Chiappelli^{1, 2, 3} , Allen Khakshooy^{1, 4}, Nicole Balenton^{1, 3}

Affiliation

¹Laboratory of Human Psychoneuroendocrine-Osteoimmunology; School of Dentistry, UCLA Center for the Health Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668;

²Evidence-Based Decision Practice-Based Research Network, DGSO, Los Angeles, CA 91403; ³Department of the Health Sciences, CSUN, Northridge, CA 91330;

⁴Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel 3109601;

Email

fchiappelli@dentistry.ucla.edu

Article Type

Hypothesis

Date

Received October 25, 2017; Accepted October 25, 2017; Published October 31, 2017

Cholera remains a feared, aggressive, infectious and lethal disease today, despite several decades of intense research, concerted public health modalities designed to prevent, and to control outbreaks, availability of efficacious vaccines aimed at containing its contagious spread, and effective patient-centered medical interventions for reducing morbidity and mortality. Despite these advances, cholera still strikes communities around the world, especially in countries and regions of the globe where medical and nursing care cannot be as effectively proffered to the population at risk as in First World economies. Case in point, the number of suspected cholera cases that currently afflicts Yemen escalates at an “unprecedented rate”, according to the World Health Organization. Here, following a brief introduction of the history of the medical knowledge about cholera, we discuss current trends of our understanding of clinical immune surveillance against the bacillus that causes cholera, vibrio Cholera (vCh). We cite the current state of best available evidence about anticholera vaccines, and outline certain directions for future study to characterize the clinical immunology of cholera.

Keywords

vibrio Cholera (vCh), innate immunity, antigen-dependent immunity, cell-mediated immunity, humoral immunity

Citation

Chiappelli et al. Bioinformation 13(10): 352- 355(2017)

Edited by

P Kangueane

ISSN

0973-2063

Publisher

Biomedical Informatics

License

This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.