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Title |
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Epigenetic regulation of osteogenesis: human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells |
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Authors |
Andre Barkhordarian1*, Jay Sison1, 2, Riana Cayabyab1, Nicole Mahanian1, Francesco Chiappelli1 |
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Affiliation |
1Division of Oral Biology & Medicine, Section of Oral Biology, UCLA School of Dentistry, CHS 63-090, Los Angeles CA 90095; 2Private Practice 10921 Wilshire Boulevard Suite 611, Los Angeles, CA, 90024 |
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818-665-5329 |
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Article Type |
Hypothesis
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Date |
Received November 10, 2010; Accepted December 21, 2010; Published January 06, 2011 |
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Abstract |
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) provide an appropriate model to study epigenetic changes during osteogenesis and bone regeneration due to their differentiation potential. Since there are no unique markers for MSCs, methods of identification are limited. The complex morphology of human embryonic palatal mesenchyme stem cell (HEPM) requires analysis of fractal dimensions to provide an objective quantification of self-similarity, a statistical transformation of cellular shape and border complexity. We propose the hypothesis of a study to compare and contrast sequential steps of osteogenic differentiation in HEPMs both phenotypically using immunocytochemistry, and morphometrically using fractal analysis from undifferentiated passage 1 (P1) to passage 7 (P7) cells. The proof-of-concept is provided by results we present here that identify and compare the modulation of expression of certain epigenetic biomarkers (alkaline phosphatase, ALP; stromal interaction molecule-1, STRO-1; runt-related transcription factor-2, RUNX2), which are established markers of osteogenesis in bone marrow studies, of osteoblastic/skeletal morphogenesis, and of osteoblast maturation. We show that Osteoinductive medium (OIM) modulates the rate of differentiation of HEPM into Run-2+ cells, the most differentiated subpopulation, followed by ALP+ and STRO-1+ cells. Taken together, our phenotypical and morphometric data demonstrate the feasibility of using HEPM to assess osteogenic differentiation from an early undifferentiated to a differentiated stage. This research model may lay the foundation for future studies aimed at characterizing the epigenetic characteristics of osteoimmunological disorders and dysfunctions (e.g., osteoarthritis, temporomandibular joint disorders), so that proteomic profiling can aid the diagnosis and monitor the prognosis of these and other osteoimmunopathologies. |
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Keywords
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Human mesenchymal stem cells, Epigenetics, Fractal dimension, ALP, STRO 1, Runx 2, BGJb medium, Osteoinductive medium (OIM), human embryonic palatal mesenchyme stem cell (HEPM) |
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Citation |
Barkhordarian et al. Bioinformation 5(7): 278-281 (2011) |
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Edited by |
Francesco chiappelli
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ISSN |
0973-2063
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Publisher |
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License |
This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. |