Title
Smoking is a predominant risk factor for coronary artery disease among Indians
Authors
Rafae Taqiuddin1, Mohammed Jaffer Ali 2, Aishwarya Kimmatkar3, Nimerta Lohana4, Anveshak5, Maarya Mohammed Siddiqui6, Yasir Adil El Rashid Mohamed7, Mohamed Elfatih Musaab Ibrahim Mohamed8, Rida Minhaj9 & Mohammed Abdul Mateen10,*
Affiliation
1Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences, Teaching hospital and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India; 2Bhaskar Medical college and Bhaskar General Hospital, Hyderabad, India; 3International School of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; 4Liaquat University of medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan; 5Hassan Institute of Medical Sciences, Karnataka, India; 6Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences, Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India; 7Military Medical Hospital, Omdurman, Khartoum, Sudan; 8National Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan; 9Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India; 10Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences teaching hospital and Research Centre, Hyderabad, India; *Corresponding author
Rafae Taqiuddin - E-mail: rafaetaqi1998@gmail.com
Mohammed Jaffer Ali - E-mail: drmohammedjafferali@gmail.com
Aishwarya Kimmatkar - E-mail: aishwaryakimmatkar@gmail.com
Nimerta Lohana - E-mail: nimertalohana90@gmail.com
Anveshak - E-mail: anveshakvidhu6@gmail.com
Maarya Mohammed Siddiqui - E-mail: maars19@gmail.com
Yasir Adil El Rashid Mohamed - E-mail: yasiradil.sdn@gmail.com
Mohamedelfatih musaab Ibrahim Mohamed - E-mail: mohamedalfati7@gmail.com
Rida Minhaj - E-mail: ridaminhaj@gmail.com
Mohammed Abdul Mateen - E-mail: mateenmohdabdul96@gmail.com
Article Type
Research Article
Date
Received July 1, 2024; Revised July 31, 2024; Accepted July 31, 2024, Published July 31, 2024
Abstract
Smoking has emerged as a predominant risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) in India, contributing significantly to the country's rising cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rates. The adverse effects of tobacco on cardiovascular health are well-documented, exacerbating a public health challenge in a nation with a high prevalence of smoking. Therefore, it is of interest to analyse the impact of smoking on the incidence and progression of coronary artery disease among the Indian population, emphasizing the need for targeted public health interventions to mitigate this risk factor. We included 1000 adults were enrolled from January to July 2023. The group comprised 500 CAD patients (cases) and 500 individuals without CAD (controls). We gathered information on demographics, smoking habits & other CAD risk factors. To assess the relationships between smoking, CAD, and other variables, we utilized multivariate logistic regression. The analysis revealed that current smokers had a substantially increased likelihood of CAD, with an unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of 3.20 (95% CI: 2.45-4.18), compared to non-smokers. This association remained significant even after adjusting for confounders, with an adjusted OR of 2.80 (95% CI: 2.10-3.75). The study confirms smoking as a critical, Adaptable risk element for CAD, independently increasing the risk of the disease. Smoking significantly elevates the risk of developing coronary artery disease among Indians. Comprehensive anti-smoking campaigns and stringent tobacco control policies are imperative to reduce the burden of CAD. Public health strategies must focus on awareness, prevention, and cessation support to combat this major health threat effectively.
Keywords
Smoking, coronary artery disease, Indians, risk factor, public health, tobacco control
Citation
Taqiuddin et al. Bioinformation 20(7): 719-722 (2024)
Edited by
Shreya Nigoskar
ISSN
0973-2063
Publisher
License
This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
