Diabetes is a metabolic disorder associated with chronic inflammation; pre-diabetes phase promotes to inflammatory mechanism then finally progress to diabetes and its associated complications. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate the changes in inflammatory biomarkers Evidence that inflammatory markers play a role in the development as well as severity of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study has been designed to decipher the involvement of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNFα), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Nesfatin-1 and Blood sugar in the etiopathogenesis of T2DM. This retrospective observational study analyzed patient records from our hospital, focusing on those with diabetes or pre-diabetes. Glycosylated hemoglobin, inflammatory biomarkers, Fasting Blood Glucose, and Post-Prandial Blood Glucose were assessed. SPSS 28 facilitated statistical analysis; utilizing Bivariate Correlation assessed the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and diabetes status (glycosylated hemoglobin). In the pre-diabetic vs. diabetic groups, significant differences exist in IL-6 (p=0.0344), TNF-α (p=0.041), Nesfatin-1 (p=0.0485), fasting blood glucose (p=0.036), and 2h post-prandial blood glucose (p=0.048). IL6 (AUC=0.729, p<0.001), TNF (AUC=0.761, p<0.001), and Nesfatin1 (AUC=0.892, p<0.001) show moderate discriminative power. PP (AUC=0.992, p<0.001) and hbA1c (AUC=0.993, p<0.001) exhibit excellent discriminatory ability. Correlations: IL6 with TNF (r=0.672, p<0.001) and Nesfatin1 (r=0.542, p<0.001); TNF with Nesfatin1 (r=0.591, p<0.001), hbA1c (r=0.683, p<0.001), and PP (r=0.367, p<0.001); Nesfatin1 with PP (r=0.594, p<0.001) and hbA1c (r=0.800, p<0.001). Age has a negative correlation with hbA1c (r=-0.119, p=0.086). Thus, data shows a significant association between inflammatory markers, blood glucose levels, and the progression from pre-diabetes to diabetes.

Inflammatory biomarkers, type 2 diabetes mellitus, pre-diabetes, glycosylated hemoglobin, metabolic health.