Title
Analysis of microbiome diversity in coprolites from Caral, Peru
Authors
Luis Jaramillo-Valverde1,2,3+, Andrés Vásquez-Domínguez1,2,4+, Kelly S. Levano1,2, Pedro Novoa-Bellota5,6, Marco Machacuay-Romero5, Ruth Garcia-de-la-Guarda7, Rony Castrejon-Cabanillas1,2, Diana Palma-Lozano3, Ashok K. Sharma8, Samuel Davison8, Pedro O Flores-Villanueva2, Raul J. Cano10, A. Gomez8, Ruth Shady-Solis5,6 & Heinner Guio1,2,10*
Affiliation
1ALBIOTEC, Lima, Perú; 2INBIOMEDIC Research and Technological Center, Lima, Perú; 3Universidad de Huánuco, Huánuco, Perú; 4Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú; 5Zona Arqueológica Caral, Unidad Ejecutora 003, Ministerio de Cultura., Lima, Perú; 6Escuela Profesional de Arqueología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú; 7Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú; 8Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN; 9The BioCollective, Denver, CO 80014, USA; 10 Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad para la Salud, Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Lima, Perú; +These authors contributed equally to the article;
*Corresponding author: E-mail: heinnerguio@gmail.com
Article Type
Research Article
Date
Received November 1, 2022; Revised December 20, 2022; Accepted December 31, 2022, Published December 31, 2022
Abstract
We analysed human coprolites from the Sacred City of Caral, the oldest civilization in America (3000- and 1800-years BC). Our objective was to know the microbial diversity of the Caral Civilization through the use of a mobile ancient laboratory. DNA extraction was conducted in a mobile laboratory placed near the collection site to reduce exposure of samples to contaminants and favor a rapid molecular processing. Using 16S rRNA and ITS 1 amplicon sequencing, we have elaborated the first list of the microbiomes of Caral, based on the bacterial and fungal community fingerprints detected in the coprolites recovered in six sectors of that ancient urban center. Among the most abundant sequences were those associated with Firmicutes for bacteria, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota for fungi. Bacillus was the most abundant bacterial genera in all samples analyzed, compromising up to 24.81% of the total bacterial abundance; while Aspergillus (11.43%) was the most abundant genera among fungal communities.
Keywords
Microbiome, coprolites, caral & diversity
Citation
Jaramillo-Valverde et al. Bioinformation 18(12): 1158-1165 (2022)
Edited by
P Kangueane
ISSN
0973-2063
Publisher
License
This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. This is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
